alleyne



J. G. N. ALLEYNE.

PORGING APPARATUS.

No. 59,940. Patented Nov. 27, 1866'.

4 Sheets--Shet 2.

J.G.N. ALLEYNE. FORGING. APPARATUS.

No. 59,940. Patented Nov. 27, 18.66.

J. G. N. ALLEYNE.

FH-RGING APPARATUS.

Patented Nov. 27, 1866.

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IMPROVEMENT IN FORGIING APPARATUS.

JOHN GAY NEWTON ALLEYN E, OF ALFRETON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO ZOHETII SHERMAN DURFEE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 59,940, dated November 27, 1866.

SPECIFJECA'IION.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JdHN GAY NEWTON ALLENYE, of the Butterley Iron Works, Alfreton, in county of Derby, in the kingdom of Great Britain, have invented a new and useful Improvement in SteamHaniniers;

and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description'thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improvement in steam hammers.

Figures 2 to 15 represent various modifications of my invention, which will be explained in detail in this specification.

The several drawings represent the arrangement-and combination of one vertical, or nearly vertical, steam hammer, with one or more horizontal, or nearly horizontal, steam hammers, for hammering masses of iron or steel into shape preparatory to rolling, the hammers being adapted to act on one and -the same mass of metal in two or more diflerent directions at the same time, or successively, as may be desired. This arrangement avoids the loss of time consequent on'up-edging heavy masses of iron after being acted upon bya single vertical steam hammer, as at present constructed, so as to bring it into position for being acted upon in another direction. It also enables me to work down masses of iron into the required shape, such as girders or joists, or other articles of similar sectional form, by means of blows directed simultaneously on the top and sides ofi the iron, or alternately on the top at one stroke and on the sides at the next stroke, thus producing an effect which cannot be attained by means of a single vertical hammer operating first on one part of the iron and afterwards on the other parts. Such combinations of steam hammers are susceptible of various modifications of arrangement according to the work' required of them. In order to compensate, in the use of horizontal banimers, for the force of gravity acting on the vertical hammer, I sometimes use powerful compressed springs,

with or without the added force of the steam to press the hammeraforwards, although I prefer, as being :more simple, to use the force of steam alone for this purpose. here the arrangement of the horizontal hammers permits of it, I place the horizontal, or nearly horizontal, hammers on wheels, so asto support and guide the hammer-blocks and overcome the friction consequent on working them in slides; or I suspend them on rods so arranged as to produce a parallel rectilinear motion; or I cause the hammers to strike the iron in the required direction by giving them a swinging motion from the point of suspension. 'These hammers are so arranged, that their action can be regulated, either simultaneously or consecutively, either by oneor by several persons.

In order that others skilled in the art may construct and use my improvement, I will proceed to describe it more fully. I y

In the drawing, fig. 1 represents the combi' iation and arrangement of one vertical and two opposite horizontal steam hammers with an anvil. A is a vertical steam hammer working between vertical guides, 11, in tne framing D, On top of the framing D is placed the steam cylinder 0, the piston of which works the piston-rod I, to which is attached the vertical hammer-block A. Under the hammer A, in a vertical line with the piston rod I, is the anvil Z, on which is placed the mass of metal, C, to be worked by the hammers. E is the horizontal framing, which supports the horizontal steam cylinders F F and the horizontal hammers B B'; These hammers are pla'cedin any desired position relatively to the vertical hammer A, in a horizontal or nearly horizontal position, but so that the hammers shall strikc from opposite directions the mass of metal placed on the anvil. The horizontal hammer-blocks B B are furnished with wheels or rollers, b, turning on journals projecting from the sides of the hammer-blocks, as seen in fig. 1. These wheels, b b, may have flanges, so' as'to prevent any tendency of the hammer-blocks to fiy the track, or the hammer-blocks may project downwards between the ways on which the wheelsrun, but the weight of the hammer-blocks will generally be sufiicient to keep them in place without this precaution. The wheels I; 6 run on ways or rails forming part of the frame E. The horizontal hammer-blocks B B are attached by the piston-rods I I to the pistons of the independent steam cylinders F F. As thus arranged it is obvious that the hammers may'have any relative order of operation desired by manipulating properly the steam valves P P of the horizontal cylinders, andthe valve Q of the vertical steam cylinder 0 3, as, for example, the horizontal hammers may be made to strike' the mass of iron, G, 'at the same time with each other and with the vertical hammer, or the vertical hammer may be made to'strike the mass of iron while the horizontal hammers are receding, that is, intermediately between the strokes of the horizontal hammers. In order to secure a simultaneousaction of the two horizontal steam hammers B B, they may be connected by links, J J, pivoted at their upper end to the sides of the hammer-blocks B B, and connected at their lower end to a counter-weight, W, as shown in fig. 1. This counter-weight has the additional advantage of compensating for the force of gravity of the vertical hammer, A, due to its position. This relatively greater power of the vertical hammer may, however, be compensated for without the use of the weight W, by a slight increase of steam power applied to the horizontal steam cylinders.. If it be desired also to insure the regularity of the intermediate stroke of the vertical hammer, this may readily be efi'ected by connecting each horizontal hammer-block B B tothe vertical hammer-block A by the links, shown by dotted lines in figll, in which case the counter-weight w, may be dispensed with. The use of' the rollers or wheels b bf on the horizontal hammer-blocks obviates many difiiculties in the way of thesuccessful use of horizontal steam hammers, and is an important feature of my invention; It reduces the friction which exists when the hammerblocks are slid back and'forth between ways or guides, secures the stroke of the hammers being always in the same direction, and sustains and guides the hammers in their operation.

The construction and arrangement of steam hammers just described embodies the principal features of my invention; but as other modifications may he sometimes used to advantage, I will proceed to describe some of them. i p

Figures 2 to 6 all refer to the same arrangement-of my combined steam'hammers. W

Figures 7 and 8 show an arrangement of levers and links, constituting a parallel motion for the horizontal hammer-blocks.

Figures 9, 10, and 11, show another modification of the arrangement of two horizontal hammers and one vertical hammer.

Figures 12 and13 show a different arrangement and mode of operating one vertical and two horizontal steam hammers.

Figure 14 represents a yet different mode of operating one vertical and two horizontal hammers.

Figure 15 shows an arrangement of one vertical hammer combined with a single horizontal hammer, applicable to forging T or angle iron. I I I In those figures only which represent the same arrangement of hammers, like letters are used to denote similar parts. I Of the arrangement shown in figs. 2 and 6, fig. 2 is a front elevation with part of the framing removed; fig. 3 is a plan; fig. 4 a side elevation; fig. 5 is a rear elevation, and fig. 6 is a se:tional plan on the line Y Y in'fig. 2. In this arrangement one vertical's team hammer, A, is used in combination with two opposite horizontal steam hammers, B B, so'arranged as all to act simultaneously on the mass of metal C. The framing D of the vertical hammer is bridged over the framing E E, gniding the horizontal hammers B B, as shown more 'clearlyin fig; 4. The hammers B B (as in fig. I) are actuated by horizontal steam cylinders, F F, fixed on the fraining E E. In order to give them as free a motion as possible, these hammers are suspended by links a a a a, from the framing D of the vertical hammer, and, as they thereby receive a slightly swinging motion,

they are worked by means of rods, G G, from the cross-heads H H of the piston-rods I I, the rectilinear I motion of which is insured by means of guides, J J, in the usua1 way. The hammer-blocks B B are made with a cavity at their rear end, (as'shown by dotted lines,) in which the connecting rods G G are hinged on pins, g g. The hammer-blocks B B are guided on either side by the frame E E, whichprev'ents their swinging inconveniently sideways. Instead of the links ct a, by which the hammer-blocks are suspended, I sometimes use chains for that purpose. It being intended in the arrangement, as shown, that the three hammers should strike the metal 0 simultaneously, this is insured by their being connected together by a system of levers and links,-as shown, namely, the levers K K, fixedto spindles, L L, carried by the framing D, are attached to'the cross-heads l-I H of the horizontal engines, and have their reciprocating motion imparted to them by means of'the links 70 k k is. Upon the same spindles, L L, are also keyed the levers M M",'connected by the links 'm m thbne'end of the double-ended levers N N attached tothe framingD, the other ends of which levers are connected by means of the links it n to the hammer-block A. From this arrangement it will be seenthat if the hammer-block A, for instance, has a tendency to move faster than the hammer-blocks B B, then it will drag the latter forwardby means of the connecting levers, and thus assist in their motion and insure their striking simultaneously with it, and vice versa if the hammer-blocks B B have a tendency to move faster than A. As the simultaneous action of the three hammer blocks necessitates the simultaneous admission of steam.

to: the three steam cylinders lll E and 0, through which they receive their motion, I provide for this purpose an arrangement of levers and links as "shown in the back elevation at fig. 4, for causing the motion of the valves P P Q to take place at one and the same time by the manipulationpf either the lever B or R. These levers work on fired fulcra, r r, attached to-the framing D, one end being connected to the double-ended levers S S by means of the links T T, whilst on the other side of the fulcra r r they are connected by the links U U tothe levers V V, fixed on the spindles W W attached'to the framing D. On the same spindles, W W", are fixed other levers, X X, which are-connected by the rods Y Y, to the rods of the valves P P, and to the other ends'of the levers S S is connected the rod to the valve Q. Thus it will be seen that, if to cause the hammers to recede from their position as shown on the drawing, one of the leversR or Ris depressed from the position shown'iudotted lines into the position shown in fall lines, it will at the same time cause the simultaneous motion ,of all the other levers, R or RS S V V X X, and

thereby also of the valves P 'P and Q. The construction of these'valves, as also of all other parts of the steam hammers not particularly described, may be of any suitable known arrangement, and forms no part of my present invention. Although I have here shown all the hammers as striking together, yet I in no way limit myself to such an arrangement, as in some cases each hammer may he made to strike; consecutively, in which case the just described system of levers for moving the valves would be dispensed with, and eachvalvc would be actuated separately. The dies 2 2 2 2 attached to the hammer-blocks and the] anvil, are in this case formed for forging the metal C, under operation, into a joist or girder, as shown.- They may, however be changed for other dies for producing any other required form. Instead of hanging the hammer-blocks B B to links or chains, as in the just-described arrangement, I sometimes provide them with an arrangement of leversand links, constituting a parallel motion, as shown in figs. 6 and 7 on sheet 1, where fig. 6 shows a part front elevation with a portionof the frames D and E removed, and fig. 7 a transverse section on line X X, fig. 6. The double-ended levers a a work on the pins 66 fixed to either side'of the hammer-block B, and are connected by the one end to 'the forked lever c fixed on the spindle (1, carried by the framing D, and by the other end of the levers e e, fixed to the spindlef, carried by brackets gg fixed to the base-plate k. The lovers 0 and e e are so arranged in a well-known manner that, whilst moving from the position indicated in full lines to that indicated by dotted lines, the pins 6 6, upon which the levers a a work, are caused to move in a straight line, thereby afi'ording the hammer-block B a rectilinear motion, in consequence of which the piston-rod I of the steam cylinder F may be connected directly to the hammer-block, as shown, without the intervention ofconnecting rods, as in the firstdescribed arrangement, whereby the advantage is gained of bringing the cylinder F closer to the framing D,

and making the apparatus more compact. The other parts of this arrangement are similar to that first described with reference to figs. 1 to 5, andrequire no further description. Figures 8, 9, and 10, on sheets 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings, show another modification of the arrangement of two horizontal and one vertical hammer. Fig. 9 shows a front elevation. Fig. 10 shows aplan, and fig. 11-

shows a transverse section through the framing to the horizontal hammer B. In this arrangement the framing D to the vertical hammer A, instead of being bridged over the framing EE of the horizontal ones BB, as in the firstdescribed arrangement, is made to overhang the same, as shown, and the horizontal hammers B B, instead of being suspended by links or by a parallel motion, are, in this case, provided with wheels, 6 b b b, on either side, which run upon the framing E E, and as their motion is thereby rendered rectilinear, the piston-rods I I of the steam cylinders F F .may be directly and rigidly connected to them, as shown. In order to prevent the horizontal hammers B B fromvbounding up from the framing, in consequence of their striking the metal C under operation, they'are provided with plates, at, bolted to their under side, as shown in the transverse section at fig. 11, which plates project underneath the framing E E, and thus keep the hammers B B down. In some cases I'efi'ect the forward motion of the horizontal hammers B B by means of powerful spiral or other springs, as shown in dotted lines at G G, fig. 9, which springs are compressed by the backward motion of the hammers; or, I assist the action of the steam during the forward motion by these springs. The valves P P Q to the steam cylinders F F Q, may be of any suitable known arrangement, and they may be so arranged as to act simultaneously, asin the first-described arrangement, or they may act consecutively. V

Figures 12 and 13 show another modification of the arrangement of one vertical and two opposite horizontal hammers: Fig.12 shows a sectional elevation, and fig. 13 shows a plan. In this arrangement the horizontal hammersB B receive a swinging motion by being attached to long levers,H H, suspended from spindles, K K, carried by brackets, L I1, attached to the top of the framing D. The steam cylinders F F for actuating these hammers are in this case arranged as trunk engines, with their connecting rods, G G, hinged at one end to the -hammers'B B, and at the other end to the centre of the trunks I I, by which arrangement I am enabled to bring these cylinders closer to the anvil Z. In order to steady the motion of the hammer-blocks B B, I form the framing as shown, to act as guides to thesame, and I also provideguides, J J, the trunks I I for the odds} fills connecting rods G G to work up and down in. The engines F F are so arranged that when B B strike the metal 0 the connecting rods G G are in the centre line of the cylinders, ard at the sameftime fperpendicular to the face of impact, as shown, at the hammer B, whilst,.when the hammer is draw'nb'aok, theconnecting rods G G areat an angle to the centre line of the cylinders,- as seen at B. In

this arrangement it will be seen that, as the hammers B B are somewhat raised when drawn back, the force exerted by the steam for efi'ecting the forward blow is somewhat increased by the action of gravity upon the hammeraff'Instead of fixing the hammersiB B rigidly to the levers H H, they may be hinged to them in a similar manner to the connecting rods, and the connecting rods may be forked and attached to pins fixed to either side of the hammers, so as to bring the connection nearer to the point of impact, or the hammer-blocks may be madehollow and the connecting rods hinged inside them, as shown in thc arrangement at fig. 1, sheet 1. In some cases I arrange the horizontal hammers as shown in' fig. 14, in which arrangement the levers H H carrying them are hung upon centres, 71 72, carried by the framing E E, below-the hammers B B, instead of above them as in the just-described arrangement. The steamcylinders F F are in this case arranged to .cscillate, as shown, and the hammers B B are connected rigidly to the piston-rods I I, the levers H H" carrying the hammers, being hinged upon the pins 6 b fixed to the sidesof the same. These levers are so arranged that when the hammers are drawn back they are in a vertical position, as shown at H, whilst, when the ham mers are striking, they are in the position as at H, the striking face of the hammer being then vertical, and the piston-rod horizontal, or nearly so. It will be seen that also in this arrangement the hammers fall somewhat in making the forward motion, thus assisting the efiect of the steam by the force of gravity.

In figure I5 is shown an arrangement of one vertical hammer, A, combined withone horizontal hammer, B, which arrangement is particularly applicable for forging T or angle iron, or any other iron. of a similar section. The framing D, carrying the steam cylinder O andthe vertical hammer A, is here made to overhang from the opposite side to the horizontal hammer, and the anvil Z is made of considerable width so as to withstand the one-sided blow of the horizontal hammen. This latter is attached rigidly to the piston-rod I of the steam cylinder F, and is provided with wheels, 6, having V grooves which run upon the V rails c on top of the framing ,E. Grooves, a, are formed in the sides of the hammer-blockB, which work upon projections r'ormed on the inside of the framing E, so as to prevent the hammer from jumping up when the blow is given. lhe two hammers may be arranged either to strike simultaneously, by a contrivance of levers and valve gear aimilar to that described 'with reference to fig. 1, sheet 1, or they may strike independently-of each other. Any Jf the other arrangements for working the horizontal hammers, hereinbefore described with reference to the combinations of two horizontal hammers with one vertical hammer, may be applied to the combination'of' one horizontal with one vertical hammer. In some cases I also employ combinations of more than two horizontal steam hammers with one vertical steam hammer, the mode 'of arranging and working the horizontal hammers being similar to those described with reference to the combinations of two horizontal and one vertical steam hammer, and not requiring further description. v

Having thus described my improvement in steam hammers, I do not desire to limit myself tc the precise arrangement of parts described, nor do I claim broadly the combining of two or more hammers caused to operate simultaneously on a block or piece of iron. 0 I v But what I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1 The combination and arrangement of two or more direct-acting steam hammers, each connected with a separate steam cylinder, so as to 'be susceptible of simultaneous, or alternating, or other relative action, as may be desired, and so situate relatively to each other as that their strokes converge at a central point, at which the iron to be worked is placed, substantially as hereinbefore described 2. The combination of two or more horizontal, or nearly horizontal, direct-action steam hammers, with or without a vertical steam hammer, arranged substantially as hereinbefore described, and connected by links attached to a counter-weight for the purpose of producing uniformity of action of the horizontal. hammers, and of compensating for the force of gravity of the vertical hammer when used in connection therewith.

3. The combination of two or more horizontal, or nearly horizontal, direct-aoticn steam hammers with one vertical, or nearly vertical, steam hammer, so arranged as to strike a mass of iron placed at the converging point of their stroke, when such horizontal steam hammers are both connected by links, or equivalent device, with the vertical hammer, so as to act alternately therewith, and produce regularity and uniformity of action.

4. The use of rollers orwheels in combination with the hammer-blocks of steam hammers, for the purpose of sustaining and guiding the hammer-blocks in their motion in a horizontal, or nearly horizontal, direction, substantially as hereinbefore described. t

In testimony whereof I have signed my name'to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this twenty-second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five. I

' l J. G. N. ALLEYNE.

Witnesses:

G. D. ABEL, 20 Southampton Buildings, London. THOMAS TAYLOR, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lame, London. 

